EWMN and Animal Behavioural Studies
"The Golden Jackal," "In the Steps of the Horses"

EWMN and Animal Behavioural Studies
These materials "show the application of EWMN to the movements of animals. And thus, confirming the use of the method as a movement notation, as opposed to a dance notation, of which a number of systems exist. A movement notation is applicable, not only to dance, and not only to the human body, but to any mobile system, analogous in construction to that of the human body." (The Golden Jackal, 1969)
The following studies were done in collaboration with the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University led by Prof. Ilan Golani, Osnat Boneh, Shmuel Zaidel, and John G. Harries.

Prof. Ilan Golani and H. Mendelssohn, "Sequences of Precopulatory Behaviour of the Jackal”, 1971

Field documentation of golden jackals for the publication of “The Golden Jackal”, 1969

Field documentation of golden jackals for the publication of “The Golden Jackal”, 1969



The longitudinal axes of the parts of the body.

A preliminary study in notating animal movements, 1972.

Transparencies used in the book, “The Golden Jackal” as overlays over photographs to delineate the skeletal figure of the animal, 1969

Shnuel Zaidel
A preliminary study in notating animal movements, 1972
The study includes an analysis of the golden jackal within the “System of Reference” and the notation of the jackal in stillness and in motion.

Shnuel Zaidel
A preliminary study in notating animal movements, 1972
The study includes an analysis of the golden jackal within the “System of Reference” and the notation of the jackal in stillness and in motion.







“The Golden Jackal” by Ilan Golani and Shmuel Zaidel applies EWMN to the study of the behaviour of golden jackals.


The Movement Notation Society took "pleasure in presenting to the public the first book of which it is the publisher," 'The Golden Jackal.'

The international journal of research and theory, "Behavioral and Brain Sciences," Vol. 15, No. 2, contains an essay by Ilan Golani on the "Perception of Movement Through Symbolic Language", 1992


Field documentation of flamingo movements in various planes, 1969

Field documentation of flamingo movements in various planes, 1969

Illustrations showing the head and neck movements of flamingos, 1979



Score of Flamingo movements in EWMN, 1970s





"Like the human body, the animal body is made up of links of articulated limbs" (In the Steps of the Horses, page 9)

Score of a horse's “regular walk” for the book, “In the Steps of the Horses”, 1983

Score of Flamingo movements in EWMN, 1970s

Shmuel Zaidel
The horses's body as seen through sections, moving limbs, and the “System of Reference” for the book, “In the Steps of the Horses”,
1983

"In the Steps of the Horses; The Application of the Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation to Animals" by Shmuel Zaidel, 1983.

The Horse and its representation on the Manuscript Page
